Pointmap
The Pointmap plots geographic latitude/longitude data to visualize the location of data on a map.
| Features | Quantity | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Required Dimensions | 0 | Dimensions are optional. |
| Required Measures | 0-4 | Longitude and Latitude (or POINT defined by Longitude and Latitude) are required. Point size and color are optional. |
The Pointmap, by default, presents each record as an individual point on the map.
Size Domain
Size Domain sets the minimum and maximum bounds for the size measure. The size domain does not exclude values outside of those bounds from the dataset. The minimum value sets the smallest point point size: any values lower than the minimum value uses the same point size. Maximum value sets the size of the largest point. For example, if you set the maximum Size Domain to 5,000, any value 5,000 or greater is shown the same size.
The practical effect of Size Domain is to reduce the impact of outliers and create a more informative map for the most meaningful range of values.
Size Range
Size Range represents sizes of the smallest and largest points on the map, measured in pixels. Points can range in size from 1 to 20 pixels. Note that if you set very large pixel values for the top of the range (for example, 20), the largest points might cover smaller points beneath them. Setting the size range is a balance between making it easy to spot large values while still displaying all significant information.
Mark Shape
Mark Shape lets you choose from a variety of shapes to use as data point markers in your Pointmap. Choosing the correct shape can make data values stand out more clearly, and help to differentiate values on layered charts.
Density Gradient
Use Density Gradient to toggle density accumulation on and off. Density accumulation performs a count aggregation by pixel and allows you to color a pixel by normalizing the count and applying a color to it. For more information about density accumulation, see Density Mode in Example: Vega Accumulator.
Pointmap Example
Create a new Pointmap. For the Data Source, use the official database of UFO sightings.
Set the Lon measure to longitude and Lat measure to latitude. Set the Size measure to duration_seconds.
NOTE: You can also use POINT data (generated from latitude/longitude) for LON and LAT; for example, column_9 contains point data:
When you select data of type POINT, Lon and Lat are both populated with the values for the point data:
The defaults for # OF POINTS, SIZE DOMAIN, SIZE RANGE, and MARK SHAPE are fine for this example. Under POPUP BOX, click + ADD COLUMN and choose shape, then + ADD COLUMN again and choose duration_seconds.
Click Apply. On the dashboard, you can compare the Pointmap, which can display detailed information for each sighting, versus a Choropleth, which displays only aggregate values (for example, total sightings) for a geographic region (for example, a state).
Multi-layer Geospatial Maps
Pointmap and Geo Heatmap charts can be layered on top of one another to allow visual comparison of datasets. See Creating Multi-layer Geospatial Charts.
Using Dimensions to Aggregate Results
Rather than plot every individual point in a dataset, you can aggregate your results using a dimension setting.
For example, the Pointmap chart below shows the location of hundreds of “tweets” in Santa Clara County, California.
When you add the dimension county_state, the map displays a single point representing the average of all the points in Santa Clara County and the total number of “tweets”. When you hover over the point, a pop-up box shows the average longitude and latitude, with a summary of the results.
Zoom and Select
Pointmap charts have additional features for zooming in and selecting details.
Zoom
You can select and zoom a specific region of a Pointmap. Hold the shift key, then drag a rectangular selection around the area on which you want to zoom. You can also zoom in and out using a mouse scrolling button.
The Zoom To box in the upper right corner of the map lets you enter a geographic location. You can enter the name of a country, a city, or even your home address, and the map will fly there for you.
Select
You can select geographic regions based on proximity or defined boundaries using the Circle, Polygon, and Lasso selection tools.
Circle Selector
Use the Circle tool to select an area around a specific central point. Click the Circle tool icon, then click anywhere on the map to create a circular selection.
To move the circle, click anywhere inside the selected area to select the circle. Drag the circle to the new location.
To resize the circle, click anywhere inside the selected area, then drag any of the white squares to scale the circle up or down.
Due to the distortion inherent in Mercator map projections, the circumference of the selection is reduced as you get closer to the equator, and increased as you approach the poles. In the example below, all of the areas are the same number of meters in diameter, with the size of the selection circle adjusted to allow for Mercator distortion.
Polygon Selector
Use the Polygon tool to select an area with noncomplex angles. Click to set each point. As you draw the selection, you can hold the Shift key to contrain each line to 45° angle increments relative to the previous line.
To complete the selection, do one of the following:
- Double-click
- Click the starting point a second time
- Press Enter
To change the size of the selection, click anywhere in the selected region. Drag any of the white corner dots to resize the selection. Hold the Shift key to constrain the relative proportions of the selection. Hold the Alt key to scale the selection from the center.
To rotate the selection, mouse hover over any corner to display a curved arrow. Click and drag to rotate. Hold the Shift key to rotate in 45° increments.
To edit the endpoints in the selection, double-click anywhere in the region. Drag the white endpoints to new locations. To add an endpoint, click one of the small orange dots in the middle of a line segment; it becomes a new endpoint that you can drag to your desired position. To delete an endpoint, hold the Alt key and click the endpoint.
Note that if you create a selection where lines intersect the behavior is undefined and has unpredictable results.
Lasso Selector
Use the Lasso tool to trace around an area with curves or complex angles. Click to start, drag to draw the outline of your desired area, then release the mouse at any time to complete the selection with a straight line.
Once you have created your selection, the selection points are simplified, and the selection becomes effectively the same as a selection made with the Polygon tool.